SET 2: Season of Great Fast / Palm Sunday
Seventh Sunday LUKE 19:28-40
JESUS’ ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM
INTRODUCTION
Every year we celebrate Palm Sunday commemorating Jesus’ ceremonial entry into the Temple of Jerusalem before his self-sacrifice. This was an unusual demonstration on the part of Jesus, following the example of some prophets of old (1 Kgs 11:29-31; Jer 13:1-11; 27:1-11; Ezek 4:1-3; 5:1-4), to establish himself as the Messiah. The kings of Palestine used donkeys during the time of peace for their travel. When Jesus purposefully used a colt to enter Jerusalem as a humble leader of peace, his disciples and the public gladly welcomed him as their king and saviour. The people unintentionally selected Jesus as the perfect “lamb” that God sent to replace the animal sacrifices in the Temple. Jesus answered through his passion, death, and resurrection, the traditional “Hosanna” appeal of the people to God for their salvation.
BIBLE TEXT (LUKE 19:28-40)
Jesus Enters Jerusalem
(Lk 19:28) After saying this, Jesus went on ahead of them towards Jerusalem. (29) When he drew near to Bethphage and Bethany, close to the Mount of Olives, he sent two of the disciples with these instructions, (30) “Go to the village opposite and as you enter it you will find a colt tied up that no one has yet ridden. Untie it and bring it here. (31) And if anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying this colt?’ you shall answer, ‘The Master needs it.’” (32) So the two disciples went and found things just as Jesus had said. (33) As they were untying the colt, the owners said to them, “Why are you untying the colt?” (34) And they answered, “The Master needs it.” (35) So they brought it to Jesus and throwing their cloaks on the colt, they mounted Jesus on it. (36) And as he rode along, people spread their cloaks on the road. (37) When Jesus came near Jerusalem, at the place where the road slopes down from the Mount of Olives, the whole multitude of his disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the miracles they had seen, (38) and they cried out, “Blessed is he who comes as king in the name of the Lord. Peace in heaven and glory in the highest heaven!” (39) Some Pharisees in the crowd said to him, “Master, rebuke your disciples.” (40) But Jesus answered, “I tell you, if they were to remain silent, the stones would cry out.”
INTERPRETATION
Background
Though Jesus went to Jerusalem several times for worship in the Temple and to preach, his main ministry was in Galilee. During his last trip to Jerusalem for his self-sacrifice, he continued teaching the public, and predicted to his disciples in private the passion, death, and resurrection awaiting him in Jerusalem.
When he reached Jericho, he healed a blind beggar (Lk 18:3543), converted Zacchaeus, a rich tax collector (Lk 19:1-10), and continued teaching in parables. The last entry of Jesus into Jerusalem was a symbolic expression of his messiahship. People, especially his disciples, welcomed him with unusual vigour and gladness.
Jesus Enters Jerusalem
(Lk 19:28) After saying this, Jesus went on ahead of them towards Jerusalem .
After saying this
According to Luke, Jesus moved from Jericho to Jerusalem after preaching in the house of Zacchaeus. Jesus narrated the parable of the ten gold coins either in Zacchaeus’ house or along the way after leaving his house. The parable was to clarify the misunderstanding of his disciples, “because he was near Jerusalem and they thought that the kingdom of God would appear there immediately” (Lk 19:11). In the parable, a nobleman went “to obtain the kingship for himself and then to return” (Lk 19:12). Though he gave one gold coin each to his ten servants, they yielded different results. The king handed over charge of ten cities to the one who gained ten coins out of the one coin. He entrusted the responsibility of five cities to another who earned five out of the one coin he had received. The king took away from the irresponsible servant the coin he returned without investing for profit.
Thus, Jesus conveyed he was going to his Father to gain the kingship and will return in glory to establish the perfect kingdom. In the meantime, the disciples must continue his mission. They must be productive and give an account of their savings at his second coming. He will reward them according to their productivity. Just as the fellow citizens who objected to the nobleman’s kingship and were slayed, those who reject Jesus would be destroyed (Lk 19:27).
Jesus went on ahead of them towards Jerusalem
Jesus moving ahead of the people meant he was stopping at intervals along the journey to heal the sick who approached him and teaching the crowds gathering around him. When he moved forward, breaking the crowd, the people followed him. So, he was leading the people to Jerusalem as God was leading the Israelites in the desert, moving ahead of them in cloud form during the day, and as a pillar of fire at night to the Promised Land (Ex 13:2122). Later, during the reign of David, he made Jerusalem its headquarters. Jesus was leading the people to the same city of God.
Another interpretation is that Jesus’ disciples were lingering behind Jesus when they were approaching Jerusalem. The disciples were afraid of how the enemies, who were plotting to kill Jesus, would react in Jerusalem. “They were on the way, going up to Jerusalem, and Jesus went ahead of them. They were amazed, and those who followed were afraid” (Mk 10:32). Along with the life-threat to Jesus, the lives of the disciples were also in jeopardy.
Jesus had repeatedly predicted his imminent passion and death in Jerusalem. “As Jesus was going up to Jerusalem, he took the twelve disciples aside by themselves, and said to them on the way, ‘Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be handed over to the chief priests and the Scribes, and they will condemn him to death, and hand him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and scourged and crucified, and he will be raised on the third day’” (Mt 20:17-19). Jesus had rejected Peter’s attempts to prevent him from facing such a tragic ending (Mt 16:22).
Though Jesus was also concerned about this extremely painful and shameful death on the cross, he was determined to carry out his mission and was sure of his victorious resurrection. He had voluntarily selected that course out of his love for humanity. So, he was moving forward cheerfully to win the lost heavenly citizenship for humanity. When there is assurance of success, a hero would confidently take tough means to attain it.
A mother would take up the hardships of pregnancy and childbirth with the goal of having a child of her own. During his last discourse, Jesus told his apostles, “Amen, amen, I say to you, you will weep and mourn, while the world rejoices; you will grieve, but your grief will become joy. When a woman is in labour, she is in anguish because her hour has arrived; but when she has given birth to a child, she no longer remembers the pain because of her joy that a child has been born into the world” (Jn 16:20-21). As Christians, we also take up hardships for the kingdom of God, foreseeing the reward Jesus has promised on his return.
Jesus went on ahead of them towards Jerusalem
Jerusalem was the former Salem, where Melchizedek offered sacrifices to God (Gen 14:18). He was a priest of God Most High and a king in Jerusalem. He prefigured Jesus. The Psalms predict this – “You are a priest forever in the manner of Melchizedek” (Ps 110:4; Heb 7:17). When God asked Abram to sacrifice Isaac as a burned offering, He selected Moriah as the place for it. Many scholars hold that Golgotha, where Jesus was crucified, was at Mount Moriah. From the time of King David, sacrifices were offered in Jerusalem. Jesus was going up to that mountain to spend his last days subjecting himself to the perfect sacrifice for humanity.
Though Jesus went to Jerusalem several times to celebrate feasts, his last entry into Jerusalem had special significance. He entered solemnly as a humble king of peace and as a priest to offer himself as the lamb of sacrifice for the atonement of all humanity. That led to his victory over Satan.
(29) When he drew near to Bethphage and Bethany, close to the Mount of Olives, he sent two of the disciples with these instructions.
When he drew near to Bethphage and Bethany
Bethphage was a village on the way from Jericho to Jerusalem. It was near Bethany, along the further side of Mount Olivet, east of Jerusalem. The exact location is unknown now. Bethphage means “the house of figs” because farmers cultivated figs there.
Bethany means “the house of dates”, and Gethsemane stands for “the oil-press”. All these were on the Mount of Olives, where olive trees were plenty. Jesus came from Jordan, spent a Sabbath at the house of Lazarus (Jn 12:1) in Bethany, and on Sunday, he entered Jerusalem via Bethphage. So, we celebrate this feast on the Sunday before Easter.
close to the Mount of Olives
The Mount of Olives is a hill east of Jerusalem. It has high significance in the Bible.
- This mount produced plenty of olive oil that was used for anointing the kings, the prophets, and the priests of Israel. Jesus held these three positions.
- Prophet Ezekiel foresaw that the glory of God would leave the Temple and rest “on the mountain east of the city” which is the Mount of Olives (Ezek 11:23).
- Jesus revealed the signs of the end of the age to his disciples on this mount (Mt 24:3).
- He used to go to the Mount of Olives for night prayer and rest while he was in Jerusalem (Lk 22:39).
- Jesus entered Jerusalem as a king of peace from this mount on a donkey (Lk 19:28-40).
- The intense prayer and agony of Jesus, when his sweat became like drops of blood falling on the ground, happened here (Lk 22:39-45).
- Judas betrayed Jesus, and the soldiers arrested him here (Lk 22:39-54).
- He ascended to Heaven from this mount (Acts 1:6-12).
- Zechariah 14:4 mentions it as the place where the Lord would appear to rescue Jerusalem from the enemy nations.
he sent two of the disciples with these instructions
The Bible does not mention the names of the two disciples. The scholars guess they might be Peter and John, whom Jesus sent later to prepare for the Passover (Lk 22:8).
(30) “Go to the village opposite and as you enter it you will find a colt tied up that no one has yet ridden. Untie it and bring it here.”
Go to the village opposite
None of the evangelists specifies the name of the village. It could be Bethany or Bethphage.
As you enter it you will find a colt tied up
In Matthew, we read, “Go into the village opposite you, and immediately you will find an ass tethered, and a colt with her. Untie them and bring them here to me” (Mt 21:2). Since he wrote for Jewish readers, he specified the detail to prove the fulfilment of the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9 in Jesus’ ministry. “Exult greatly, O daughter Zion! Shout for joy, O daughter Jerusalem! Behold: your king is coming to you, a just saviour is he, humble, and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey” (Zech 9:9). Since Luke and Mark were writing for non-Jews and for gentile converts, they did not specify that detail. The Jews gathered in Jerusalem for the Passover could understand the fulfilment of the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9 in Jesus as the Messiah when he, who had never used a donkey or colt for travel, was entering Jerusalem symbolically.
that no one has yet ridden
As the evangelist specifies, the colt would imply that no one had travelled on it. Animals used for sacred purpose should be free from defects and unused. “The LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron: This is the statute for the ritual which the LORD has commanded. Tell the Israelites to procure for you a red heifer without defect and free from every blemish and on which no yoke has ever been laid. You will give it to Eleazar the priest, and it will be led outside the camp and slaughtered in his presence” (Num 19:1-3). God specified a similar requirement in Deuteronomy 21:3 and in 1 Samuel 6:7. No one had used the womb Jesus used for his birth from the Virgin Mary and the tomb used for his burial (Lk 23:53).
Scholars assume Jesus used both donkey and colt one after another. The Pharisees and the Scribes enforced burdensome rites and ceremonies of the law over the Jews like the donkey that had to carry heavy loads. The colt which was untamed was allegorical of the Gentiles. Christ used both the donkey and its colt, symbolizing the Jews and the Gentiles whom he guided to the heavenly Jerusalem.
Untie it and bring it here
While the two disciples went to get the animal, Jesus continued staying where he was, resuming his preaching to the people who were around him.
(31) And if anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying this colt?’ you shall answer, ‘The Master needs it.’”
‘Why are you untying this colt?’
Jesus did not ask the two disciples to seek permission to get the colt because he was familiar with the owner of the colt and had pre-arranged for its release for him. So, the entry of Jesus on the donkey was his pre-planned activity, though others were unaware of it.
And if anyone asks you
This could mean the owner, who might not be aware of the purpose of it, the servant in charge of the colt, or any bystander.
You shall answer, ‘The Master needs it.’
The owner could also be an admirer of Jesus, and that could be the reason for using the term “master” in answer to the inquirer. The owner and the two disciples were not aware of what Jesus was going to do with the colt. He had never used such an animal to travel or carry goods. Some scholars consider “The Master needs it” as a password pre-arranged between the owner and Jesus to identify Jesus’s representatives who would be assigned to get the animal.
(32) So the two disciples went and found things just as Jesus had said.
Though the disciples were not aware of Jesus’ intention with the colt, they obeyed the order of their master. Mark gives more details of this. “So they went off and found a colt tethered at a gate outside on the street, and they untied it” (Mk 11:4).
(33) As they were untying the colt, the owners said to them, “Why are you untying the colt?” (34) And they answered, “The Master needs it.”
Mark documents, “Some of the bystanders said to them, ‘What are you doing, untying the colt?’ They answered them just as Jesus had told them to, and they permitted them to do it” (Mk 11:5-6). However, in Luke, the owners of the colt were asking the question. The plural could mean the couple of the family, any two or more members of the family, or the owner along with his partner. Both Mark and Luke could be correct if the masters and the bystanders had asked because the disciples or Jesus did not use any colt before. The owners allowed the disciples to take away the colt without further question.
(35) So they brought it to Jesus and throwing their cloaks on the colt, they mounted Jesus on it.
The colt had no saddle on it because none had used it before. So, when the disciples brought the colt to Jesus, they spread their garments upon it. They helped Jesus to mount on the untamed colt.
According to Matthew 21:4, Jesus used the ass and a colt for establishing his kingship as the fulfilment of the Old Testament prophecies by quoting from Zachariah 9:9 combined with Isaiah 62:11. Prophets had the practice of using symbolic actions to communicate a message to the people in a non-verbal and memorable manner.
(36) And as he rode along, people spread their cloaks on the road.
as he rode along
The route of Jesus on the colt was from the Mount of Olives to the Temple Mount. The donkey was an animal of peace, while the horse was the animal of war. A king would ride a horse when going to war, and after winning the war, he returned on a donkey to symbolize the establishment of peace. The ass was also symbolic of service, suffering, and humility that were characteristics of Jesus.
people
A week-long annual feast of Passover was taking place. So, the Jews from nearby and faraway places had gathered in Jerusalem for sacrifice. They were of different backgrounds: those who had accompanied Jesus from Galilee, the excited people who had seen Lazarus whom Jesus brought back to life from the tomb (Jn 12:17), those who had heard of Jesus but had never seen him before, those who wanted to greet him again, and those whom Jesus cured and wanted to reiterate their gratitude towards him.
spread their cloaks on the road
This is a reminder of how people had welcomed King Jehu. When the king’s servants came to know that Elisha’s aide anointed Jehu as the new king, “At once each took his garment, spread it under Jehu on the bare steps, blew the horn, and cried out, ‘Jehu is king!’” (2 Kgs 9:13). So, the crowd that welcomed Jesus, who entered Jerusalem mounting on a donkey, recognized the kingship of Jesus and welcomed him like their new king according to their tradition. However, they were not aware that his royalty differed from the past Jewish kings.
Matthew and Mark (11:8) mention the use of tree branches for the reception of Jesus. “The very large crowd spread their cloaks on the road, while others cut branches from the trees and strewed them on the road” (Mt 21:8). Since this symbolic entry of Jesus on a donkey was an unexpected event, the people made use of their cloaks and branches of trees to greet and honour Jesus as king. It was easy for them to cut olive branches because they were passing through the Mount of Olives.
The people’s reaction was as if they were celebrating the Feast of Tabernacles for which they used olive branches and palm leaves. “On the first day you shall take choice fruits, palm branches, boughs of leafy trees and willows from the riverbank, and for seven days you shall rejoice in the presence of the LORD your God” (Lev 23:40). On the anniversary of the rededication of the Temple after the Maccabean war, people used branches of trees with leaves and palms to sing hymns of grateful praise to God (2 Mac 10:7). Jesus was also on the way of purification of the Temple that the Jewish leaders had profaned.
When people wanted to make Jesus King of the Jews because he had multiplied loaves of bread (Jn 6:15), Jesus had declined it. People have been expecting that the Kingdom of God would appear soon (Lk 19:11). Jesus received a warm welcome from the people when he revealed himself as the spiritual king of the world and fulfilment of the prophecies.
(37) When Jesus came near Jerusalem, at the place where the road slopes down from the Mount of Olives, the whole multitude of his disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the miracles they had seen.
When Jesus came near Jerusalem,
Jerusalem is a high mountain approximately 2,500 feet above sea level. It is a Biblically significant area.
- Melchizedek, “a priest of God Most High” was also the king of Salem, which is Jerusalem (Gen 14:18).
- God had asked Abram to sacrifice his son Isaac on Mount Moriah, which was later known as Jerusalem (Gen 22:1-14; 2 Chr 3:1).
- Isaiah prophesied Jerusalem as the site for the temple of God. “In days to come, the mountain of the LORD’s house shall be established as the highest mountain and raised above the hills.
- All nations shall stream towards it” (Isa 2:2).
- David conquered Jerusalem and made it his capital city.
- Solomon built the Temple there.
- As per prophecy, the Jewish scholars and Jesus preached from Jerusalem. “For from Zion shall go forth instruction, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem” (Mic 4:2).
- Joseph and Mary presented the Infant Jesus in the Temple (Lk 2:22) and brought him to the Temple each year for the Passover (Lk 2:41).
- Jesus was lost and found in the Temple when he was 12 years old (Lk 2:41-50).
- He took part in the major feasts of the Temple, preached there, and performed miracles.
- Jesus was sentenced, tortured, crucified, and buried here. On the third day, he rose from the dead here.
- According to Jesus, “Repentance, for the forgiveness of sins, would be preached in his name to all the nations, beginning from Jerusalem” (Lk 24:47).
- Peter and John healed a crippled beggar at the temple area (Acts 3:1-10).
- Peter preached in Jerusalem and the Sanhedrin questioned Peter and John there (Acts 4:5-22).
at the place where the road slopes down from the Mount of Olives
Jesus started his triumphant entry into Jerusalem, crossing the Kidron Valley from the Mount of Olives on a donkey. Formerly, Jesus had gone to the feast of Tabernacles in secret because his time had not yet come, and the Jews were trying to kill him (Jn 7:1-10). Now the time had arrived for his sacrifice, and he openly and solemnly entered the Temple, allowing the people to honour him with a royal welcome. When the reception was moving down the slopes of the Mount of Olives, people on the Temple Mount also had a panoramic view of Jesus and the surrounding crowd. the whole multitude of his disciples
The people who initially accompanied Jesus from the Mount of Olives were few, including his apostles. However, when the procession reached the road that slopes down to the Kidron Valley heading towards Jerusalem, a vast multitude of people greeted him from the two mountain slopes. Since a week-long annual feast of Passover was taking place, the Jews from nearby and faraway places had gathered in Jerusalem for sacrifice.
According to Luke, the whole multitude that greeted Jesus was the wide range of his disciples, who admired his teachings and miracles throughout Palestine and the neighbouring regions. Many had been accompanying him from Galilee and others were already encamped in Jerusalem.
began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice
By the time Jesus reached close to the Kidron Valley, there must have been a superb view of him in the middle of the crowds greeting him from two mountain tops, the Mount of Olives, and the Temple Mount. They were glad that Jesus, who declined kingship after he had multiplied loaves of bread (Jn 6:15), was now accepting such an honour. Though unsure of the type of kingship he was accepting, they rejoiced and praised God for sending them the long-awaited Messiah. They had been expecting that the Kingdom of God would appear soon (Lk 19:11). Jesus received a warm welcome from the people when the time came for him to reveal that he was the spiritual king of the world and fulfilment of the prophesies.
The enormous crowd’s rejoicing and praising of God would have been noisy because of their excitement, and the sound of their voices echoing from the two mountains, which in turn might have, besides attracting more crowds, drawn the attention of the Jewish authorities and priests to Jesus.
for all the miracles they had seen
The Jews who gathered in Jerusalem for the Passover had experienced or witnessed the miracles of Jesus over the past three years. The most recent and greatest of the miracles Jesus performed was raising Lazarus on the fourth day after his burial (Jn 11:38-44). So, they rejoiced at the sight of Jesus again and praised God aloud on behalf of him.
(38) and they cried out, “Blessed is he who comes as king in the name of the Lord. Peace in heaven and glory in the highest heaven!”
they cried out
The people who welcomed Jesus were shouting with joy, hailing him as king of peace. They were excited and made a loud noise that echoed between the Mount of Olives and the Temple Mount.
Blessed is he
The priest in charge of the Temple used to welcome the pilgrim caravans with the words of blessing. Here, the people were welcoming Jesus with the same words of blessing.
who comes as king in the name of the Lord
For Luke, this royal reception the people offered Jesus was the fulfilment of Psalm 118:26-27. “Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD. We bless you from the house of the LORD. The LORD is God and has enlightened us. Join in procession with leafy branches up to the horns of the altar.” The people who came to celebrate the Passover welcomed Jesus as their God-sent king to rule over them. Following the tradition of welcoming a new king, they were earnestly praying for God’s blessings on him, his government, and his undertakings.
Peace in heaven and glory in the highest heaven!
At the birth of Jesus, a multitude of the heavenly hosts with the angel praised God, saying: “Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to those on whom his favour rests” (Lk 2:14). The acclamation of the disciples of Jesus welcoming him to the Temple resembled the words of the angels at the incarnation of Jesus. Jesus gave peace to the downtrodden and his works were manifestation of God’ glory. Jesus had arrived in Jerusalem, a name that means “city of peace”. He offered peace to his disciples, saying, “Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you” (Jn 14:27). With the advent of the Messianic king, people were wishing for heavenly peace and glory to come upon the new king.
Peace in heaven and glory in the highest heaven!
The Bible speaks of three heavens that are to be distinguished from the context. It begins by stating: “In the beginning, when God created the heavens and the earth” (Gen 1:1) suggesting multiple heavens or different layers of heaven.
1. The firmament or immediate atmosphere that surrounds the earth and where the birds fly beneath the dome of the sky (Gen 1:20). The Psalmist refers to this heaven: “Beside them the birds of heaven nest; among the branches they sing” (104:12).
2. The dome where God established sources of light, including sun, moon, and stars (Gen 1:14-18). The Psalmist refers to this heaven saying: “The heavens declare the glory of God; the firmament proclaims the works of his hands” (Ps 19:2).
3. The place where God, the holy angels, and souls of just men dwell. It is called “The heaven of heavens,” or “the third heaven” (2 Cor 12:2). Moses told the Israelites: “Look, the heavens, even the highest heavens, belong to the LORD, your God” (Deut 10:14). Paul had an experience of being taken up to the third heaven where he had the revelation of God (2 Cor 12:1-4). He calls this third heaven also paradise.
Jesus, the Messiah, would bring peace and salvation on the earth. So, the crowd wished glory to God in the highest heavens on behalf of the king who came in the name of God. Instead of Hosanna, Luke uses glory to God.
Matthew adds more description of the reception of Jesus into Jerusalem. “The very large crowd spread their cloaks on the road, while others cut branches from the trees and strewed them on the road. The crowds preceding him and those following kept crying out and saying: ‘Hosanna to the Son of David; blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord; hosanna in the highest.’ And when he entered Jerusalem, the entire city was shaken and asked, ‘Who is this?’ And the crowds replied, ‘This is Jesus the prophet, from Nazareth in Galilee’” (Mt 21:8-11).
Hosanna
Hosanna is two words combined: Hoshia-na means “save now.” It refers to Psalm 118 that had been a liturgical hymn of the Feast of Tabernacles seeking God’s salvation of humanity. Using palm branches was also the native Jew’s acclamation of jubilation and their welcome to pilgrims.
When the people exclaimed “Hosanna to the Son of David,” they addressed it to Jesus, acknowledging him as the Messiah, the successor of David. According to God’s covenant with King David, the Messiah would come from David’s lineage, and he will govern all nations for eternity (1 Chr 17:11-14).
(39) Some Pharisees in the crowd said to him, “Master, rebuke your disciples.”
The Pharisees viewed Jesus as a blasphemous person who forgave sins, misguided the Jews from their traditional beliefs and religious practices, healed the sick on the Sabbath, and allowed his disciples to break the traditional customs of purification. Now, the people who had seen the wondrous deeds of Jesus were going after him. So, the Pharisees felt the situation was slipping out of their control and wanted to silence the crowd.
The Pharisees were sure that the kingship people acclaimed was not an appraisal against the Roman authorities but favouring the messianic claim of Jesus, with which they strongly disagreed. The disciples, not just the apostles, were leading the approbation for Jesus. Only Jesus could keep them quiet. They thought Jesus, who came as humble and meek, would deny his messiahship, or at least avoid public praise for him.
(40) But Jesus answered, “I tell you, if they were to remain silent, the stones would cry out.”
Though Jesus had revealed his messiahship to the apostles and asked them to keep it secret from the public (Mt 16:20; 17:9), he allowed the disciples and the public to acknowledge it during his last entry into Jerusalem. He was reaching the peak of his ministry and mission. So, instead of complying with the request of the Pharisees, Jesus told them, “If they were to remain silent, the stones would cry out.” This has resemblance to Habakkuk 2:11 when the prophet criticized the palaces built at the expense of justice: “For the stone in the wall shall cry out, and the beam in the frame shall answer it!” While addressing the Pharisees and Sadducees, John the Baptist said, “And do not presume to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you, God can raise up children to Abraham from these stones” (Mt 3:9). These hyperbolic expressions are not to be taken literally, but as an affirmation of what must happen.
PALM SUNDAY AND THE JEWISH PASSOVER
The passion and crucifixion of Jesus matched with the Jewish Passover observance. It started with the selection of the sacrificial lamb, i.e., a lamb that is free from blemish. Jesus was the perfect “lamb” without blemish from birth whom God sent to become an atoning sacrifice for the good of all humanity. The Israelites selected the sacrificial lamb on the tenth day of Nisan, which according to the Christian calendar was on Sunday, 02 April that year. The people welcomed Jesus to the Temple that day as their redeemer. After Jesus had cleansed the Temple, the agitated priests confirmed the people’s selection by their decision to kill him. The Israelites sacrificed the paschal lamb on the 14th day of Nisan. That was on Thursday, 06 April from sunset to 07 April sunset that year. The crucifixion of Jesus was on Friday, 07 April, before sunset.
Pilgrims brought the paschal lamb up from Bethpage and went to the Temple mount. Likewise, the people unknowingly selected Jesus, the perfect Lamb of God, who came to the Temple for sacrifice along the same route. When Pilate gave them a choice, the people confirmed their selection of Jesus for crucifixion instead of the blemished Barabbas.
MESSAGE
1. Despite life threats from the authorities in Jerusalem, Jesus boldly went there to complete his mission. Our Christian goal is to follow Jesus boldly to achieve our mission of entering into the heavenly Jerusalem and to lead others in the same destination. Are we in the right direction?
2. Jesus had prearranged with the owner of a donkey for his symbolic entry into Jerusalem. The owner, who might be a private disciple of Jesus, gladly shared the animal for Jesus’ use. How freely do we share our belongings with those in need?
3. The two disciples Jesus sent to get the colt obeyed Jesus without understanding the purpose. They simply trusted his words. As followers of Jesus, let us be submissive to the teachings of Jesus and the directives of his representatives.
4. The disciples spread their robes on the colt and the crowd spread their coats on the road to receive Jesus to Jerusalem. By honouring Jesus that way, they were receiving him into their own lives as their spiritual king. During every Holy Qurbana, Jesus is coming to us. Do we go to Church to receive him and welcome him as our king?
5. Though the crowd wholeheartedly welcomed Jesus into the Temple, it was merely an emotional response. During the trial of Jesus by Pilate, they turned against Jesus under the influence of the Jewish authorities. Our faith and religious reactions should not be limited to emotional responses but must be implicit of stability in faith, hope, and charity amidst good times and bad times alike.
6. Satan destroyed the peace of humanity. Jesus came to restore it and thus enable us to give glory to God. The words and actions of Jesus were and are comforting to many who were and are facing a crisis and that continues through the Church. Along with the Church, let us also share peace with humanity and give glory to God.
7. The Pharisees had a negative view of Jesus and so they tried to stop the clamour of the people honouring Jesus. Many in the world today continue to cause people to deviate from Jesus and his Church. Let us be vigilant to avoid their snares.
8. The palm leaves we carry home after the service today should remind us of our spiritual bond with Jesus. Within a few days, these leaves will dry and become lifeless. Jesus instructed, “Remain in me, as I remain in you. Just as a branch cannot bear fruit on its own unless it remains on the vine, so neither can you unless you remain in me” (Jn 15:4). Let the dried palm leaves we continue keeping remind us of the need to be united with Jesus and with the Church he established so as to preserve our spiritual life and improve our spiritual productivity.
9. With this service today, we have entered Passion Week or Holy Week. Jesus was sure that his passion would lead to his death and thence to his glorious resurrection. In our sufferings, let us hope that there is an Easter after a Passion Friday.
