SET-1: Season of Apostles
Seventh Sunday: Luke 13:22-30
ENTER THROUGH THE NARROW DOOR
INTRODUCTION
While travelling from Galilee to Jerusalem, Jesus preached in the towns and villages. Someone asked whether God would save only a few. Jesus answered that the door to the Kingdom of God is narrow and hard to enter. Many will try to but will not succeed. Only those who “strive” will enter. When God would reject some disciples who worked for the Kingdom of God, they might complain about their rejection. Their dissatisfaction would be high when they notice that Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, the prophets, and even the Gentiles remain inside the Kingdom while God would cast them out. Passive discipleship is not enough. We have to strive with dedication and commitment to inherit the Kingdom.
BIBLE TEXT
(Luke 13:22) Jesus went through towns and villages teaching and making his way to Jerusalem. (23) Someone asked him, “Lord, is it true that only a few people will be saved?” And Jesus answered, (24) “Do your best to enter by the narrow door, for many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able. (25) Once the master of the house has got up and locked the door, you will stand outside; then you will knock at the door calling: ‘Lord, open to us.’ But he will say to you: ‘I do not know where you come from.’ (26) Then you will say: We ate and drank with you and you taught in our streets! (27) But he will reply: ‘I do not know where you come from. Get away from me all you workers of evil.’ (28) You will weep and grind your teeth when you see Abraham and Jacob and all the prophets in the Kingdom of God, and you yourselves left outside. (29) But others will come and sit at table in the Kingdom of God, people coming from east and west, from north and south. (30) Some who are among the last will be the first, and some who are first will be last.”
INTERPRETATION
(Lk 13:22) Jesus went through towns and villages teaching and making his way to Jerusalem
Though Jesus had gone to Jerusalem several times, this last journey there was to offer himself for crucifixion, the perfect sacrifice for people’s salvation. Through his exemplary life, Jesus showed how to enter the Kingdom of God through the narrow door. Jesus made use of his last journey to Jerusalem also to inform the people of their last chance to change their life journey towards God by choosing the tough path instead of the effortless way of a selfish life.
While travelling to Jerusalem, Jesus taught in towns and villages. He used to preach in Jerusalem, where many used to gather for sacrifices, especially for the pilgrimage feasts. Jesus also used to preach in the synagogues on Sabbath where people used to gather to listen to the Word of God and worship. However, he went to towns and villages to reach out to the non-believers, Gentiles and those who could not travel to the synagogue or the Temple.
(23) Someone asked him, “Lord, is it true that only a few people will be saved?” And Jesus answered
The concern of the questioner was on the number of people who would attain salvation rather than his own salvation or that of his people. According to the popular teaching of the time, all the Jews would inherit the Kingdom of God because they were the covenant people. The Gentiles were not eligible for salvation. However, Jesus’ teaching differed from that. So, the doubt of the person who raised the question was on how many would inherit heaven. Jesus did not directly answer the ‘quantity’ question. Instead, he focused on how the questioner and other listeners could gain salvation. However, he did hint on the quantity at the end.
(24) “Do your best to enter by the narrow door, for many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able”
“Strive” is the keyword here. It denotes maximum effort. We can compare it to an athlete who does strenuous preparations to win the contest. Saint Paul clarified this, “Everyone who competes in the games goes into strict training. They do it to get a crown that will not last, but we do it to get a crown that will last forever” (1 Cor 9:25). Again, he says: “Fight the good fight for the true faith” (1 Tim 6:12a).
The ones who would attain salvation are those who would strive to enter through the narrow door. There would be many who would be looking for the wide and easy (struggle free) door.
Some others might try to enter through the narrow entrance but might not be persistent enough. During the public ministry of Jesus, many who followed him left him because his teachings were too difficult for them to comprehend or accept, especially his teaching on the Holy Eucharist (Jn 6:66). Later in the early church, many who had joined the church left it because of severe persecution from the Jews and Romans. They also might have had pressure from their family members and the erstwhile community to give up their faith.
Another cause for some people to ‘miss the bus’ might be a mistaken belief on their part that they have ‘ample time.’ God can shut the door of life unexpectedly. Hence we should not procrastinate on our conversion or reconciliation with others. A Christian should have constant dedication and commitment to the church and the people. We see such a lifestyle in the lives of many saints like Saint Paul, Saint Augustine, Saint Teresa of Kolkata and Father Damien of Molokai.
Jesus is the only way to the Father (Jn 14:6) and he is the gate of the sheep (Jn 10:7). He reentered heaven through the narrow gate. He told his disciples, “If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny himself, take up his cross and follow me” (Mt 16:24). Jesus came not to eliminate our crosses but to help us carry our life burdens. Only through him can we enter the lost Paradise. Any attempt to reach God without Christ would be a failure.
(25) Once the master of the house has got up and locked the door, you will stand outside; then you will knock at the door calling: ‘Lord, open to us.’ But he will say to you: ‘I do not know where you come from’
The narrow door for salvation shall not remain open for long. God entrusted Jesus as the master of His house. He who sits at the right hand of the Father, would one day arise, and lock the door to heaven. This can be the end of our allotted time on the earth. So, the time of repentance and entry through the narrow door is now and we cannot postpone it.
Once death happens, the focus is not the narrow entrance but Jesus who is the master of the house. He is the mediator through whom judgement would take place. Standing outside the door, people would ask Jesus to open the door for them, but since they are late they miss the opportunity to enter and the door remains shut for them. So those who postpone their reconciliation or those who are passive in action for the Kingdom cannot enter heaven.
Jesus would answer to those who would knock at the door, “I do not know where you come from.” We shall not take this in a literal sense. Jesus knows them because he is an omniscient God. The meaning is that he disowns them. They were attending church services, including preaching and worship. But they did not strive to practise his teaching in life as the Good Samaritan did in helping the victim of banditry. Like the foolish virgins who waited for the bridegroom without reserve stocks of oil, they were earnest but were stupid aspirants.
(26) Then you will say: We ate and drank with you and you taught in our streets!
This could mean the contemporaries of Jesus who ate with him at the house of Zacchaeus, Lazarus, or any other location. This also might include those who listened to his preaching in many places. It could also mean those who took part in the Eucharistic meal in the church and listened to the Word of God. But there was no Christian outcome in their actions outside the church, especially in their dealing with their family members and community. Just being a Christian is not enough to inherit the Kingdom, but we should produce good fruits in our lives. Christian behaviour, which comes out of our participation in the redemptive mystery of Jesus, will be the basis of Christ’s judgement.
(27) But he will reply: ‘I do not know where you come from. Get away from me all you workers of evil’
Christ will say, “I do not know where you are from” followed by the firm command, “Depart from me.” This is like the last
judgement wordings Jesus gives in the gospel of Matthew. “Then he will say to those on his left: ‘Go away from me, you cursed ones, into the eternal fire which has been prepared for the devil and his angels! For I was hungry and you did not give me anything to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink; I was a stranger and you did not welcome me into your house; I was naked and you did not clothe me; I was sick and in prison and you did not visit me’” (Mt 25:41-43). A Christian who disregards the hungry, thirsty, stranger, naked, sick, or prisoner is “cursed,” and considered as an “evildoer.” Just as Jesus called the Scribes and the Pharisees hypocrites, he would consider the same of those who do not practise Christian charity.
(28) You will weep and grind your teeth when you see Abraham and Jacob and all the prophets in the Kingdom of God, and you yourselves left outside
The Jews were proud of their patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They believed that since they were the offspring of these patriarchs, their salvation was guaranteed. But according to Jesus, he would reject the Jews who do not accept him as the saviour while the patriarchs will be in his kingdom. Salvation comes not by the Jewish lineage but by the practise of faith, based on Jesus’ teachings.
The Jews and their ancestors had persecuted the prophets whom God sent to bring them on the path of salvation. They will see the prophets, whom they rejected and persecuted, also in the Kingdom of God.
“You yourselves cast out,” expresses shame and agony for the Jews when they would see this happening contrary to their expectations. Those whom Jesus selects will be in the Kingdom of God, where “He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There shall be no more death, and no more mourning or crying or pain, for those old things have all passed away” (Rev 21:4). In contrast, those whom Jesus denies would end up in a place of horror. “As for the cowards, the traitors, the depraved, the murderers, the adulterers, the sorcerers, the idolaters and liars of every kind, their place is the lake of burning sulphur. This is the second death” (Rev 21:8).
The phrase, “wailing and grinding of teeth,” expresses severe anguish because of their rejection from the Kingdom of God. Grinding of teeth is a physical expression of deep physical pain or mental agony. It can also happen because of anger, as with Saint Stephen’s trial when the members of the Jewish council “were enraged and they gnashed their teeth at Stephen” (Acts 7:54). It expresses anger as well as deep regret.
(29) But others will come and sit at table in the Kingdom of God, people coming from east and west, from north and south
The people from the four corners of the world represent the Gentiles who would also recline at the table in the Kingdom of God. This is in fulfilment of Isaiah 43:5, 45:6, and 49:12 that people of all nations would inherit the Kingdom. Jesus commissioned his disciples: “Go, therefore, and make disciples from all nations” (Mt 28:19a). The sin of building the Tower of Babel caused the dispersal of the unified people into 70 nations. God will gather those people from all directions and nations in Jesus’s name in the new Kingdom. So, to the enquiry on whether only a few will have salvation, Jesus answered by saying that many will achieve salvation from all over the world.
“Recline at table” stands for the love, relaxation, joy, intimacy, and communion of saints at the Kingdom of God. During Biblical times, people were not sitting around the table as we do now. According to the Jewish and Roman custom, the dining table was a low desk with couches around its three sides. This was how Jesus used to eat at houses and the Last Supper.
(30) Some who are among the last will be the first, and some who are first will be last
According to the Jewish concept, the first are the Jews and the last will be the Gentiles in front of God. The Jews misunderstood the plan of God, and they did not expect salvation for the Gentiles. For Jesus, Gentiles are eligible to enter the Kingdom of God, provided they accept his gospel. Even in the history of Israel after Jesus, the nation that considered itself first lost its nation and got scattered all over.
MESSAGE
1. Jesus did not go straight from Galilee to Jerusalem to complete his mission. On the way, he was preaching through towns and villages, addressing the lost sheep. He is a model for us Christians who are pilgrims to heaven. On our way to heaven, we need to address the needs of the downtrodden and convey the love of Jesus to them in our words and actions.
2. Jesus is the perfect example of choosing the narrow door to enter the Kingdom of God. His was a life of self-sacrifice for others. Jesus calls on us to carry our cross and follow him. Let us avoid the effortless way and reroute our life according to what Jesus taught.
3. “Strive” to enter the Kingdom of God is the key message of this gospel passage. According to Jesus, there is no guarantee for the Jews to reach salvation unless they strive to enter by a change of their selfish life. We Christians also must strive by our works of charity to enter God’s kingdom.
4. A Christian shall not be a passive follower of Jesus or his church. Practising Christian rituals and attending liturgical services are necessary, but not enough. Following the example of saints, we need to commit ourselves to the service of the Lord and his people.
5. Today is the best time to practise our Christian charitable work. We are not sure whether we would be alive or active to do any good tomorrow.
6. Rejection or passivity of the Jews in responding to the message of Jesus led to their downfall. Our chance for reconciliation is indefinite because we do not know the time of our death. Besides reconciling with God and our opponents, let us also be active in Jesus’ ministry to inherit the Kingdom of God
