A man born blind receives sight. John 9:1-38 (9:1-12, 35-38)
INTRODUCTION
Here is a chapter-long narration of an
extra-ordinary miracle by Jesus. No one born blind was healed until that
time. John the Evangelist presented this miracle to manifest the glory
of Jesus. The miracle caused controversy among the Jews because Jesus
performed it on a Sabbath. Because of the violation of Sabbath, the
Pharisees considered Jesus as a sinner. Others asked how a sinner could
perform such a miracle. When questioned, the parents of the blind man
took a neutral position and did not defend Jesus. The blind man, besides
gaining physical sight, also gradually gained spiritual vision. We are
all born spiritually blind. Let us seek the help of Jesus, the Light of
the World, to spiritually enlighten us and guide us to the eternal
bliss.
Bible Text
The Man Born Blind.
(1) As he passed by he saw
a man blind from birth. (2) His disciples asked him, “Rabbi, who sinned,
this man or his parents, that he was born blind?” (3) Jesus answered,
“Neither he nor his parents sinned; it is so that the works of God might
be made visible through him. (4) We have to do the works of the one who
sent me while it is day. Night is coming when no one can work. (5) While
I am in the world, I am the light of the world.” (6) When he had said
this, he spat on the ground and made clay with the saliva, and smeared
the clay on his eyes, (7) and said to him, “Go wash in the Pool of
Siloam” (which means Sent). So he went and washed, and came back able to
see. (8) His neighbors and those who had seen him earlier as a beggar
said, “Isn’t this the one who used to sit and beg?” (9) Some said, “It
is,” but others said, “No, he just looks like him.” He said, “I am.”
(10) So they said to him, “[So] how were your eyes opened?” (11) He
replied, “The man called Jesus made clay and anointed my eyes and told
me, ‘Go to Siloam and wash.’ So I went there and washed and was able to
see.” (12) And they said to him, “Where is he?” He said, “I don’t know.”
(13) They brought the
one who was once blind to the Pharisees. (14) Now Jesus had made clay
and opened his eyes on a sabbath. (15) So then the Pharisees also asked
him how he was able to see. He said to them, “He put clay on my eyes,
and I washed, and now I can see.” (16) So some of the Pharisees said,
“This man is not from God, because he does not keep the sabbath.” [But]
others said, “How can a sinful man do such signs?” And there was a
division among them. (17) So they said to the blind man again, “What do
you have to say about him, since he opened your eyes?” He said, “He is a
prophet.” (18) Now the Jews did not believe that he had been blind and
gained his sight until they summoned the parents of the one who had
gained his sight. (19) They asked them, “Is this your son, who you say
was born blind? How does he now see?” (20) His parents answered and
said, “We know that this is our son and that he was born blind. (21) We
do not know how he sees now, nor do we know who opened his eyes. Ask
him, he is of age; he can speak for himself.” (22) His parents said this
because they were afraid of the Jews, for the Jews had already agreed
that if anyone acknowledged him as the Messiah, he would be expelled
from the synagogue. (23) For this reason his parents said, “He is of
age; question him.” (24) So a second time they called the man who had
been blind and said to him, “Give God the praise! We know that this man
is a sinner.” (25) He replied, “If he is a sinner, I do not know. One
thing I do know is that I was blind and now I see.” (26) So they said to
him, “What did he do to you? How did he open your eyes?” (27) He
answered them, “I told you already and you did not listen. Why do you
want to hear it again? Do you want to become his disciples, too?” (28)
They ridiculed him and said, “You are that man’s disciple; we are
disciples of Moses! (29) We know that God spoke to Moses, but we do not
know where this one is from.” (30) The man answered and said to them,
“This is what is so amazing, that you do not know where he is from, yet
he opened my eyes. (31) We know that God does not listen to sinners, but
if one is devout and does his will, he listens to him. (32) It is
unheard of that anyone ever opened the eyes of a person born blind. (33)
If this man were not from God, he would not be able to do anything.”
(34) They answered and said to him, “You were born totally in sin, and
are you trying to teach us?” Then they threw him out.
(35) When Jesus heard that they had thrown
him out, he found him and said, “Do you believe in the Son of Man?” (36)
He answered and said, “Who is he, sir, that I may believe in him?” (37)
Jesus said to him, “You have seen him and the one speaking with you is
he.” (38) He said, “I do believe, Lord,” and he worshiped him.
Interpretation
(1) As he passed by he saw a man blind from birth.
Jesus was coming out of the temple area.
Because of the dispute with Jesus on Theological issues, the Jews had
picked up stones to throw at Jesus. So, he left the temple area hiding
himself from the public (John 8:59). That was the time when Jesus met
the blind man begging for his living. Usually beggars gather at the
temple premises seeking the almsgiving of worshippers. They used to wait
at the gate of the Temple (Acts 3:2). Since the man was blind, he did
not notice Jesus. Jesus saw him because, unlike others, Jesus had
compassion to people who were suffering.
The specialty of this miracle was that, out
of the six miracles for the blind recorded in the gospels, this is the
only person who was born blind. Others were blind because of sickness or
accident that had happened after their birth. This person had never seen
light, nor seen any person, or anything in the world. He had no
education and had not known about Jesus. No one had given sight to a person
born totally blind. “It is unheard of that anyone ever opened the eyes
of a person born blind.” (John 9: 32). Jesus opening the eyes of a blind
person was a proof that he was the messiah to come. Isaiah had
predicted: “when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unplug
the ears of the deaf.” (Isaiah 35:5).
(2) His disciples asked him, “Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?”
The disciples, who were accompanying Jesus,
noticed that Jesus was paying empathetic attention to the blind. Along
with the popular belief, they could see the blind only as a sinner who
deserved no compassion. Traditionally sin was considered as the cause of
sickness. This cause and effect was confirmed in the words of Jesus when
he told the sick person whom he cured at the pool of Bethesda, "See, you
are well again. Stop sinning or something worse may happen to you."
(John 5:14). Sickness could also happen as punishment for the sins of
parents. “Do not bow down to any idol or worship it, because I am the
LORD your God and I tolerate no rivals. I bring punishment on those who
hate me and on their descendants down to the third and fourth
generation.” (Exodus 20:5). Punishment for sins to generations is
repeated in Exodus 34:7 and Number 14:18. That was the reason for the
question of the disciples of Jesus when they saw this blind person from
birth. They provided only two choices to choose from: his sin or the
sins of his parents. Since he was born blind it could not be because of
his sin. The probable answer they expected was that it was because of
the sins of his parents or other ancestors.
(3) Jesus answered, “Neither he nor his parents sinned; it is so that the works of God might be made visible through him.
Jesus gave an unexpected answer to the
disciples. Though sin and sickness came into the world because of the
fall of first parents, Jesus considered that person’s blindness as a
tool of God to manifest His glory. The Evangelist John gives importance
to the glory of God manifested in the ministry of Jesus. The suffering
of the innocent people who face severe sickness or calamities is well
discussed and refuted in the Book of Job. Job was “a
blameless and upright man who feared God and avoided evil” (Job 1:1)
went through severe suffering. Because of his fidelity to God and
patience, he regained his lost glory. The reverse message is that what a
rich man inherits, or gains need not be because of his merits but
because of the providence of God and God entrusts the resources to take
care of the less fortunate.
(4) We have to do the works of the one who sent me while it is day. Night is coming when no one can work.
Jesus included his disciples by using “we” to
do the works of God who sent Jesus. There was only limited time for them
to do the work. Night was symbolic of losing the opportunity to work
because of death or disability to work. We shall not lose every minute
to do good for the glory of God because there awaits a deadline when we
must finish our work and give an account of the utilization of our time
and resources.
(5) While I am in the world, I am the light of the world.”
God created the light on the first day of
creation before He created the sun, moon, and stars on the fourth day.
God has always been the source of spiritual light. Jesus who originated
from the Father came down as the light of the world. Besides giving
physical light to few blind, he gave spiritual light to many and
continues to do the same. Jesus guides us who are spiritually blind to
the true source of light.
(6) When he had said this, he spat on the ground and made clay with the saliva, and smeared the clay on his eyes,
Treatment with saliva and soil were old
medical practices because people believed in the curing effect of them.
Jesus had used his saliva on other occasions also. When some people
brought a deaf and mute man to Jesus, he spit and touched that man’s
tongue (Mark 7:32-33). Jesus healed another blind man brought to him at
Bethsaida by spitting on his eyes and placed His hands on him (Mark 8:
22-23).
Jesus had no need to use the spitted mud or washing in the lake for healing. However, he used some practice of the time to manifest the divine healing by human means. Though God can heal us supernaturally, we shall utilize the natural means of healing that God has provided. Using the clay reminds us how God created the first man using clay. The blind man experienced the compassion of Jesus by the healing touch of Jesus with the clay made of saliva
(7) and said to him, “Go wash in the Pool of Siloam” (which means Sent). So he went and washed, and came back able to see.
Siloam means sent. Jesus, whom God sent to
the world, sent the blind man to the pool of “Sent” to express his faith
in the sender. We have a similar instance in the healing of Naaman by
Prophet Elisha. Elisha asked Naaman to go to River Jordan and wash seven
times to heal from his leprosy. That was a test of Naaman’s faith (2
Kings 5:10–14). Our cooperation and compliance with the commandments of
the Lord are expected when we seek favors from God. Jesus had asked us
to forgive others in order that we be forgiven by God.
Water was also considered as another agent for physical treatment. Water in the pool of Siloam was holy because it was carried in procession to the Temple and poured on the altar on the Feast of Tabernacles. The pool was also used to clean the sheep for sacrifices in the Temple. The blind man washed his uncleanliness in the water for gaining his vision that Jesus offered. When we were baptized we were also washed with water to take away our uncleanliness, so we could offer ourselves to God. The healed man returned to the place where Jesus met him probably looking for Jesus to express his gratitude. But Jesus had left the place.
(8) His neighbors and those who had seen him earlier as a beggar said, “Isn’t this the one who used to sit and beg?”
The former blind man’s neighbors and those
who had seen him begging were raising the question. He was a well-known
native of Jerusalem because many people had seen him begging in a
sitting posture. Some of them were confused because they could not
belive that this man who was blind from birth was looking normal and
seeing normal.
(9) Some said, “It is,” but others said, “No, he just looks like him.” He said, “I am.”
People who were familiar with the formerly
blind man expressed their normal reaction when they saw a great miracle
happened to him. However, he confirmed his identity as the formerly
blind beggar who got the healing. He was confirming the miracle happened
to him.
(10) So they said to him, “[So] how were your eyes opened?”
Only the disciples of Jesus were present when
Jesus smeared the eyes of the blind man with his saliva and clay.
The public was curious to hear from the beggar how his eyes were opened.
It was a great miracle and nothing like that had happened before.
(11) He replied, “The man called Jesus made clay and anointed my eyes and told me, ‘Go to Siloam and wash.’ So I went there and washed and was able to see.”
What the healed man knew about Jesus was his
name and that he was a “man.” He did not see Jesus as a prophet or the
messiah. Only later he realized step by step who Jesus was. He was
physically and spiritually blind. He gave an orderly description of what
happened. He did not see Jesus spitting on the soil and so he did not
mention that. He said, Jesus made clay, anointed his eyes and asked him
to go to Siloam and wash. Then he did as Jesus asked him to do and got
the sight.
(12) And they said to him, “Where is he?” He said, “I don’t know.”
The healed man did not get a chance to see Jesus.
By the time he got sight and returned, Jesus was gone from there. So, he
was not aware of where Jesus was.
(13) They brought the one who was once blind to the Pharisees. (14) Now Jesus had made clay and opened his eyes on a sabbath.
The Jews in Jerusalem knew that their conservative
leaders, especially Pharisees hated Jesus because he was not strictly
following the Jewish observance of Sabbath. Since Jesus healed the blind
man on a Sabbath, they wanted confirmation from the Pharisees to keep
the blind man as member of the Sanhedrin. Everyone who accepted Jesus,
was expelled from the Synagogue. The people and their leaders were not
generous to acknowledge the glory of God happened through Jesus for the
blind beggar. Instead, they made use of it to plot against Jesus.
Though spitting on the ground, making clay out of
it, rubbing it on the eyes, and asking the blind man to walk long
distance were simple acts to us, they were considered violation of
sabbath observance during the public ministry of Jesus. For Jesus, these
were acts of mercy that fulfilled the worship on the sabbath. They were
not against the spirit of Mosaic law but against the rules the leaders
laid out later with wrong assumptions. From the Pharisees’ point of
view, what Jesus did could be done on another day. As per
Rabbinic rules, acts of recovery could be done on the Sabbath only in
case of an imminent danger.
(15) So then the Pharisees also asked him how he was able to see. He said to them, “He put clay on my eyes, and I washed, and now I can see.”
The Pharisees started their investigation. To their
question, the formerly blind man answered a summarized version of what
he had told his neighbors and acquaintances. The brief answer was an
expression of his displeasure in the interrogation. He smelled that the
Pharisees were not appreciating the grace he received but trying to find
fault with his benefactor. So, he skipped the details to avoid more
accusations against Jesus. He did not mention the name of Jesus, how he
made clay, and sent him to the pool of Siloam. Thus, he was a favorable
witness of Jesus.
(16) So some of the Pharisees said, “This man is not from God, because he does not keep the sabbath.” [But] others said, “How can a sinful man do such signs?” And there was a division among them.
One group of the Pharisees could not appreciate the
miraculous healing by Jesus or what the former blind beggar received.
From a negative perspective, they could see Jesus as a violator of the
sabbath observance. The other group had a logical question: How could a
sinful man do such an unheard miracle? Their guess could be positive or
negative. In the positive sense, they could mean that Jesus must be from
God to perform such a sign and hence he could not be a sinner. Some
members of the Sanhedrin like Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea had such
a view. In the negative sense, as a sinful person, Jesus
was performing miracles with the help of Beelzebul, the prince of the
demons. (Matthew 12:24).
(17) So they said to the blind man again, “What do you have to say about him, since he opened your eyes?” He said, “He is a prophet.”
Since the Pharisees could not agree on who Jesus
was, they asked the opinion of the formerly blind man on what he thought
of Jesus because he was the one who experienced the miracle. A positive
response on Jesus could cause him trouble from the Pharisees like
expulsion from synagogue. That, in fact, happened later. However, unlike
the previous occasion when he qualified Jesus as a “man,” this time he
presented Jesus, whom he never met but experienced, as “a prophet.” A
prophet meant a messenger from God. Thus, the blind man who regained his
sight through Jesus, began to gain also spiritual sight.
(18) Now the Jews did not believe that he had been blind and gained his sight until they summoned the parents of the one who had gained his sight.
The Pharisees wanted to prove that the miracle was
a made-up story for the popularity of Jesus. If such a miracle was real,
they would have to acknowledge the divine power of Jesus who they hated
and wanted to avoid. So, they summoned the parents of the formerly blind
man. Those who are negative will always look for loopholes to prove
their views.
(19) They asked them, “Is this your son, who you say was born blind? How does he now see?”
The Jews needed two witnesses for belief. The
parents of the healed man would be the best witnesses because they knew
him from birth. Three questions were asked to the parents: (1) Was he
their son? (2) Was he born blind? (3) How did he get the sight? The
second question, “who you say was born blind” implied that they did not
believe he was born blind. If he was born with eyesight and became blind
later, that would lessen the quality of the miracle and the credibility
of the claim made in favor of Jesus.
(20) His parents answered and said, “We know that this is our son and that he was born blind.
They could easily give positive answers for the
first two of the three questions. They assured the Jews that the
formerly blind man was their son and that he was born blind.
(21) We do not know how he sees now, nor do we know who opened his eyes. Ask him, he is of age; he can speak for himself.” (22) His parents said this because they were afraid of the Jews, for the Jews had already agreed that if anyone acknowledged him as the Messiah, he would be expelled from the synagogue. (23) For this reason his parents said, “He is of age; question him.”
The parents might know the truth from their son
that Jesus had healed him. They were not eyewitnesses to the miracle and
they knew the bad intention of the Jews. So, they did not want to give a
true answer to the third question because they might have been afraid of
expulsion from the synagogue. The decision of expulsion from the
synagogue must have been a local one and was not a formal order from the
Sanhedrin because the disciples of Jesus continued to be members of the
synagogue for many more years until 85 A.D. The parents requested the
Jews to seek the answer of their adult son who knew how he was healed
and the person who did the miracle for him. The parents took a neutral
stand to save themselves from the anger of Jews upon them.
(24) So a second time they called the man who had been blind and said to him, “Give God the praise! We know that this man is a sinner.”
The Pharisees who questioned the parents were not
satisfied with their answer. Since the formerly blind was not present
when they questioned the parents, they called him. Since the Pharisees
did not belive in the cure, they morally forced him to tell that he had
lied. They tried to convince him that Jesus was a sinner from their
knowledge and that he should tell the truth on his healing. “Give God
the praise” is a confession formula insisting the guilty to convey the
truth. When Joshua questioned Achan on his mistake, Joshua said, “’My
son, give glory to the LORD, the God of Israel, and praise him by
telling me what you have done; do not hide it from me.’ Achan answered
Joshua, ‘I have indeed sinned against the LORD, the God of Israel’”.
(Joshua 7:19-20). The Pharisees were expecting a similar confession from
the cured blind beggar.
(25) He replied, “If he is a sinner, I do not know. One thing I do know is that I was blind and now I see.”
The former blind man asserted that he was blind,
Jesus healed him, and afterwards he could see. So according to the logic
of Pharisees, Jesus could not be a sinner because a sinner could not do
such a miracle. So, without any argument the blind man ironically
presented his view that Jesus was not a sinner. Out of his experience,
he could not agree with the Pharisees. Even at the risk of expulsion
from the synagogue, he affirmed his faith in Jesus.
(26) So they said to him, “What did he do to you? How did he open your eyes?”
The Pharisees repeated the question on how Jesus
opened the eyes of the blind man. Their intention might have been to
prove their negative stand on Jesus and to find inconsistency in the
answers of the illiterate blind man. They also wanted to find fault with
Jesus based on his prohibited actions on the Sabbath.
(27) He answered them, “I told you already and you did not listen. Why do you want to hear it again? Do you want to become his disciples, too?”
The former blind man did not repeat his answer.
Instead, he was bold to question the Pharisees who were of high status
among the Jews. His answer was that he had already told them, and they
did not heed to it. He understood their bad intention of finding fault
with Jesus instead of appreciating him. So, he raised sarcastic
questions against the Pharisees. He already knew that Jesus had
disciples because he heard them asking question to Jesus on the cause of
his blindness.
(28) They ridiculed him and said, “You are that man’s disciple; we are disciples of Moses!
Because of the ironic questioning and
non-cooperation of the former blind beggar, the Pharisees were offended
and so they ridiculed him. They even credited him to be a disciple of
Jesus when he was not. He had developed appreciation towards Jesus and
thought that he must be a prophet. The Pharisees then contrasted them
with Moses. While the blind man was becoming the disciple of Jesus, the
Pharisees remained to be disciples of Moses. Moses was the servant of
God, whereas Jesus was the Son of God. A true believer of Moses should
become a follower of Jesus because Moses also had written and testified
of Christ.
(29) We know that God spoke to Moses, but we do not know where this one is from.”
Pharisees knew that God had spoken to Moses on
several occasions, especially on Mount Sinai. However, Moses had not
seen God face to face in full glory. God told Moses, “you cannot see my
face, for no one may see me and live.” (Exodus 33:20). The Pharisees
were not open to God and could not understand that Jesus was from God
and that he was the God incarnate.
(30) The man answered and said to them, “This is what is so amazing, that you do not know where he is from, yet he opened my eyes.
The formerly blind man could not comprehend the
argument of the Pharisees against his personal experience of miraculous
healing by Jesus. He was sure that Jesus opened his eyes though he did
not know whether Jesus was a sinner or a divine messenger like Moses.
(31) We know that God does not listen to sinners, but if one is devout and does his will, he listens to him.
The blind beggar who experienced mercy and unheard
miracle from Jesus told the Pharisees defending Jesus. His faith began
to increase. Using the argument of Pharisees, he affirmed that Jesus
could not be a sinner. God listened to Jesus to perform the miracle
because Jesus was devout and was doing the will of God.
(32) It is unheard of that anyone ever opened the eyes of a person born blind. (33) If this man were not from God, he would not be able to do anything.”
The only healing from blindness in the Old
Testament was that of Tobit. However, he was not born blind. That made
the miracle of Jesus so important and became a proof for his
messiahship. Unlike the Pharisees who were well educated in religion,
this illiterate man argued that Jesus could not do such miracles unless
he was from God. This also shows how the argument with the Pharisees led
the cured man to increase his faith in Jesus. This was a fulfillment of
what Jesus declared in Luke 10:21, “I praise You, Father, Lord of heaven
and earth, because You have hidden these things from the wise and
learned and revealed them to little children.” This childlike and
illiterate person knew more about God than the religiously learned
Pharisees.
(34) They answered and said to him, “You were born totally in sin, and are you trying to teach us?” Then they threw him out.
The Pharisees were offended by the reasonable
questions and prudent answers of the illiterate beggar. According to
them he was cursed by God even before his birth. He was born in sin in
the sense that God had punished him with blindness even from the time of
his birth. As the disciples had asked earlier, either he or his parents
might have sinned. How could a sinner and beggar who was hated by all
could teach the Pharisees? So, they punished him by expelling him from
the community.
(35) When Jesus heard that they had thrown him out, he found him and said, “Do you believe in the Son of Man?”
Jesus came in search of the man when he found
that the Pharisees had expelled him because of his profession of faith
in Jesus. His parents had forsaken him for fear of Jews. However, Jesus
came to his rescue fulfilling Psalms 27:10, “Even if my father and
mother abandon me, the LORD will hold me close.” Jesus gave him another
opportunity to declare his faith in the “Son of Man.” Instead of using
"Son of God" for himself, Jesus often humbly used “Son of Man” as a
human being and as an exalted heavenly one as given in Daniel 7.
(36) He answered and said, “Who is he, sir, that I may believe in him?”
Though Jesus had spoken and touched the blind
man’s eyes with spitted soil before, he was seeing Jesus with his eyes
only when Jesus returned in search of him. So, he could not understand
who was the “Son of Man.” He was curious to understand who that Son of
Man was who healed him.
(37) Jesus said to him, “You have seen him and the one speaking with you is he.”
This answer of Jesus identifying himself and
the expected “Son of Man” was like how Jesus introduced himself to the
Samaritan woman in John 4:26, “I who speak to you am he.” Thus, Jesus
revealed to this poor man who he was.
(38) He said, “I do believe, Lord,” and he worshiped him.
The climax of the long event is the profession of
faith of this formerly blind beggar and his worship of Jesus as an act
of his faith. Like St. Peter and St. Thomas, this poor man got the
opportunity to publicly profess his faith. Like many others, he
prostrated and worshipped Jesus. Worship means veneration paid to a
divine being. Jesus allowed others to worship him to acknowledge his
divinity though he never sought for it. Several earthly kings had
demanded worship considering themselves as deities. This man voluntarily
worshipped Jesus humbling himself, expressing his love and gratitude to
Jesus. Thus, the blind man’s belief in Jesus started with “a man” later
turned into a prophet and finally as Lord or Son of God.
1. We normally do not appreciate our gift of
sight. God has given us eyes to see the glory of God and to worship him
through our service to others. Often, we misuse our eye sight for sins.
Then our eye sight leads us to spiritual blindness.
2. There could be sickness or disability
because of one’s own sin or the carelessness of others like drunkenness,
smoking, crazy driving, sexual misconduct, and irresponsible behavior.
However, every sickness or accident need not have a relation with the
sin of the person involved. So, we cannot judge others. Instead, we need
to be compassionate and helping those in need even if it happened
because of their fault.
3. The opposition of religious leaders
against Jesus led to the spiritual growth of the blind man. Negativities
of others can also cause good results in us.
4. The parents of the blind man who got the
healing were not willing to acknowledge that it was Jesus who healed
their son. They found excuses that they were not eyewitnesses and their
son was of age to answer the question. We also sometimes take such
neutral position to save ourselves from challenges in acknowledging the
favors of God.
5. When we have disabilities, diseases, or
other mishaps in life, we should not take such sufferings in a negative
sense. God has a plan for each of us and our hardships might lead to the
glory of God and betterment of us in due time as it happened in the case
of Job and the blind man in this parable.
6. Jesus came in search of the formerly blind
man whom the Jews expelled from the community and the parents abandoned
for fear of the Jewish leaders. Jesus offered him support and gave him
more spiritual sight. Let us be aware that when we stand for Jesus and
face challenges on our faith, Jesus will be our defender.
7. The blind man got double healing: Physical
eye sight and a spiritual insight that led him to the eternal light
through Jesus the Light of the World. Though many in the world have
physical sight they lack spiritual vision. Let us seek more the
spiritual sight for ourselves, and others who need our assistance.